84-06: Chlorine Dioxide Solves Biofouling Problems in a Refinery Cooling TowerA large refinery uses wastewater effluent for cooling tower make up to use the tower as a phenol reduction system through biological oxidation. Severe Biofouling of critical overhead exchangers reduced plant throughput. This paper details application procedures that use chlorine dioxide to greatly reduce biofouling without affecting the phenol destruction capabilities.

A simple method to direct more air flow over the motor is presented

The technology has been widely used in Europe for over 5 years with success

in special cases where these terms are greater than 6

but also of outside services and ecological systems

Included in the modeling are the effect of some mitigation methods such as windscreens and solid walls

This participation of soluble silica in the development of heat-resistant films occurred at circulating water silica contents below 75 ppm

a process was patented (1) utilizing an anion exchange resin to selectively remove chromate ions from waste water

8 GPM that is consumed in the ash conditioning process

and the subsequent incorporation by foliar absorption of the trace elements will also influence interactions and magnitude of biological effects

and results is included

Three companies have cooperatively developed a structural frame system for industrial cooling towers using pultruded FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics) profiles as a substitute for lumber to improve the durability

This will include present costs and trends