12-07: Fill Testing in Cooling Tower in Case of Fouling IssuesAs a utility company, EDF operates 32 cooling towers in France. The cooling towers of EDF NPP are located in various places fed by rivers. They were designed to function with untreated raw water as make up. Sometimes we are applying acid treatments of the circulation water, against scaling. Last years, some towers suffered from important fouling issues and we had to clean, to remove and sometimes to change fills. EDF has to do the right choice when

There has always been an interest in the possibility of preventing deposit formation without chemicals

Due to changes in demand and limitations of current testing technology the system is subjected to a series of overfeed/underfeed situations

and impressed current corrosion technology

the largest single area of cost overrun is in supervision and labor costs

owner/operators

Dow Chemical presented a paper on alternative designs for zero dis­charge power plants

and consumes less energy and less water than either of the other options

conducted in several regions

Furthermore

and safety issues are presented

For this reason larger projects are requiring more back-to-back cooling tower configurations

A full-scale model of the structural frame was constructed and tested under static and dynamic loads